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Tuesday, August 11, 2009

Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth: Early Christian Forerunners to Chronic Ennui.

Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth: Early Christian Forerunners to Chronic Ennui.
http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=KBpQVkcVWLJc8sLp5srpd2pQQLyh9rW7scbQvF8k74bfQH1n3TwK!798100441!456235400?docId=5001897399
by Ian Irvine
This article focuses on the relevance of early Christian writings on acedia and tristitia to the primary modern and postmodern maladies of the subject, i.e., chronic ennui, alienation, estrangement, disenchantment, angst, neurosis, etc. The focus will be on the 'chronic ennui cycle' which has been extensively discussed by Steiner (1971), Bouchez (1973), Kuhn (1976), Healy (1984), Klapp (1986) and Spacks (1995). [1] It can be described as a cycle of boredom and addiction which robs individuals of meaning and a sense of the elan vitale. This cycle has undergone various mutations of form over the centuries. Many of the writers mentioned above have plotted its course of development from classical times to the present. Such discussions begin with the descriptions of taedium vitae, luxuria and the horror loci supplied by Roman philosophers and writers such as Lucretius, Petronius and Seneca. They also encompass analyses of the spiritual illnesses of acedia and tristitia written by the Desert Fathers and of the vari ous emotional and medical conditions described by Medieval and Early Modern poets and medical professionals, e.g., saturnine melancholy, spleen, fits of the mothers, and 'The English Malady.'
Chronic ennui an obsession of romantic and realist writers.
Due largely to the immense sociocultural changes that struck Europe in the nineteenth century the problem of chronic ennui (sometimes termed 'the spleen,' hypp, languer, nerves and disenchantment) inevitably became a major theme (if not obsession) for romantic and realist poets and thinkers. By the late nineteenth century it became tangled up with the concept of 'degeneration' ...

Despair arising from acedia

So I guess this is an act of despair arising from a kind of habit of acedia - or acts - not just a passion:
Article 4. Whether despair arises from sloth?
Objection 1. It would seem that
despair does not arise from sloth. Because different causes do not give rise to one same effect. Now despair of the future life arises from lust, according to Gregory (Moral. xxxi, 45). Therefore it does not arise from sloth.
Objection 2. Further, just as
despair is contrary to hope, so is sloth contrary to spiritual joy. But spiritual joy arises from hope, according to Romans 12:12, "rejoicing in hope." Therefore sloth arises from despair, and not vice versa.
Objection 3. Further, contrary effects have contrary
causes. Now hope, the contrary of which is despair, seems to proceed from the consideration of Divine favors, especially the Incarnation, for Augustine says (De Trin. xiii, 10): "Nothing was so necessary to raise our hope, than that we should be shown how much God loves us. Now what greater proof could we have of this than that God's Son should deign to unite Himself to our nature?" Therefore despair arises rather from the neglect of the above consideration than from sloth.
On the contrary,
Gregory (Moral. xxxi, 45) reckons despair among the effects of sloth.
I answer that, As stated above (17, 1; I-II, 40, 1), the object of hope is a
good, difficult but possible to obtain by oneself or by another. Consequently the hope of obtaining happiness may be lacking in a person in two ways: first, through his not deeming it an arduous good; secondly, through his deeming it impossible to obtain either by himself, or by another. Now, the fact that spiritual goods taste good to us no more, or seem to be goods of no great account, is chiefly due to our affections being infected with the love of bodily pleasures, among which, sexual pleasures hold the first place: for the love of those pleasures leads man to have a distaste for spiritual things, and not to hope for them as arduous goods. On this way despair is caused by lust.
On the other hand, the fact that a man deems an arduous
good impossible to obtain, either by himself or by another, is due to his being over downcast, because when this state of mind dominates his affections, it seems to him that he will never be able to rise to any good. And since sloth is a sadness that casts down the spirit, in this way despair is born of sloth.
Now this is the proper object of hope--that the thing is possible, because the
good and the arduous regard other passions also. Hence despair is born of sloth in a more special way: though it may arise from lust, for the reason given above.
This suffices for the Reply to the First Objection.
Reply to Objection 2. According to the
Philosopher (Rhet. i, 11), just as hope gives rise to joy, so, when a man is joyful he has greater hope: and, accordingly, those who are sorrowful fall the more easily into despair, according to 2 Corinthians 2:7: "Lest . . . such an one be swallowed up by overmuch sorrow." Yet, since the object of hope is good, to which the appetite tends naturally, and which it shuns, not naturally but only on account of some supervening obstacle, it follows that, more directly, hope gives birth to joy, while on the contrary despair is born of sorrow.
Reply to Objection 3. This very neglect to consider the Divine favors arises from sloth. For when a man is influenced by a certain passion he considers chiefly the things which pertain to that passion: so that a man who is full of sorrow does not easily think of great and joyful things, but only of sad things, unless by a great effort he turn his thoughts away from sadness.

SEE ALSO THE EARLIER ARTICLE
Now unbelief, despair and hatred of God are opposed to the theological virtues: and among them, if we compare hatred of God and unbelief to despair, we shall find that, in themselves, that is, in respect of their proper species, they are more grievous. For unbelief is due to a man not believing God's own truth; while the hatred of God arises from man's will being opposed to God's goodness itself; whereas despair consists in a man ceasing to hope for a share of God's goodness. Hence it is clear that unbelief and hatred of God are against God as He is in Himself, while despair is against Him, according as His good is partaken of by us. Wherefore strictly speaking it is more grievous sin to disbelieve God's truth, or to hate God, than not to hope to receive glory from Him.
If, however,
despair be compared to the other two sins from our point of view, then despair is more dangerous, since hope withdraws us from evils and induces us to seek for good things, so that when hope is given up, men rush headlong into sin, and are drawn away from good works. Wherefore a gloss on Proverbs 24:10, "If thou lose hope being weary in the day of distress, thy strength shall be diminished," says: "Nothing is more hateful than despair, for the man that has it loses his constancy both in the every day toils of this life, and, what is worse, in the battle of faith." And Isidore says (De Sum. Bono ii, 14): "To commit a crime is to kill the soul, but to despair is to fall into hell."

interesting. also thinking about - just for my own perspective on my own life - about the relationship between sadnesses - i guess there is no per se relationshp between them but a per accidens one inasmuch as sadness 'molests' - disturbs the animal nature perhaps making someone more prone. pelasures strengthen. In the mdist of showing how every pelasure helps every sadness, don't foget the powerfulness of one contrary against another - IT IS THE CONSIDERATIO NOF GREAT AND GOOD THINGS - OF DIVINE FAVORS WHICH WORKS REALLY WELL!!!!

Monday, August 3, 2009

PROGRAM OF STUDY Amy Gordon
Graduate Studies
I would like to pursue graduate studies in philosophy both for my own interest and to be able to help others to understand themselves and `to live well.` Philosophy exercises and increases the human capacity to think independently and objectively; it also provides perspective and judgment in practical affairs. Philosophy aids in the universal task of discovering what it means to be human in the midst of many complex relationships with others and with the world. It is the responsibility of philosophy to take in the multiplicity of information which experience and the specialized sciences offer to human understanding, to critically analyze it, and to unify it to apply it to the questions of human existence.

Degree Program
I will pursue an MA in philosophy at Dominican University College in Ottawa, Ontario beginning September 2007. The main focuses of research at DUC are based in the following fields: history of philosophy, theory of the history of philosophy, metaphysics, theory of values and philosophical anthropology. The requirements of the master’s program include four research seminars and a master’s thesis, undertaken with the direction of a supervisor. The thesis may be accepted, conditionally accepted, or rejected by a committee of examiners. Following the successful acceptance of a written thesis, an oral defense is scheduled with three members of the faculty. The thesis consists of a scholarly study of one hundred pages and may be analytical, exegetical, or expository in nature.

Research Proposal: Question
My research question will be to conduct a philosophical analysis of sorrow. I intend to incorporate elements from Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, Benedict de Spinoza, Adam Smith, and Martha Nussbaum, who have treated of sorrow or similar concepts in their respective works. In drawing on these five authors, I will structure a positive discourse on sorrow, i.e., look at sorrow from the aspect of a rational consciousness or reflexivity of the subject, and as presupposing an already desiring or appetitive subject. I will then look at how this understanding of sorrow applies in the practical considerations of ethics.

Context
Sorrow is a fundamental and recurring problem of human existence. Sorrow, in the broad sense which I propose, can be defined as a subject’s consciousness of an enemy or threat to its existence or well-being, together with the subject’s consciousness of its own lack of power to overcome the inimical “reality”. I will distinguish suffering or pain from sorrow as not necessarily involving the aspect of rational cognition or reflexivity. Sorrow can include suffering, but its object is much more universal. Sorrow can be caused by the affliction of past or anticipated evils; it can consider the evils that afflict others as well as the subject. It includes anxiety, fear, regret, grief, guilt, animosity, jealousy, anger. In fact, in its universal aspect, it is the principle of every negative emotion.
Sorrow is thus a very relevant philosophical problem. However, the problem of sorrow in itself is rarely analyzed from a purely philosophical perspective. The more particular problem of suffering, on the other hand, preoccupies philosophy and many other fields. Most often,
Amy Gordon
endeavors to explain or understand suffering have always focused on particular extrinsic aspects of suffering, such as its causes and effects, remedies, solutions, or on specific forms of suffering such as anxiety and grief. Most frequently they have been concerned with providing some kind of extrinsic meaning to suffering.
Philosophers have focused on suffering from ancient times, such as the Stoic school, which aimed at overcoming or enduring sorrow, to the existentialists, who were concerned with sorrow as related to authenticity and meaning, and who also addressed particular forms of sorrow such as anxiety and despair. More contemporary philosophers have emphasized a radical individuality of suffering, such as Wittgenstein and certain post-modern philosophers.
Melancholia and depression (melancholia’s modern day counterpart) have also attracted much serious research. The ancient Greeks were interested in melancholy as a chronic condition, viewing melancholia as a physiological ‘temperament’. Post-Renaissance thought focused more on the psychological aspect of melancholy as a source of creativity and an exceptional capacity for rational speculation. Today, following the tradition of the ancient Greeks, melancholy is treated as a physiological condition by science. There are limitations to this approach, however, as can be seen in cases where medical remedies are insufficient for relieving some depressions, or in problems such as continued dependency on drugs. These difficulties point towards the necessity of other means, such as counseling or psychological therapy.

Objectives
It is unfortunate that the problem of sorrow has not been adequately addressed by philosophy because sorrow is the fundamental reality underlying these forms of mental or psychological suffering. It is appropriate for philosophy to conduct a serious investigation of sorrow. If philosophy achieves a universal and positive discourse on sorrow, it could prove to the great advantage of the practical sciences which aim at relieving excessive or unusual sorrow, such as psychiatry, psychotherapy, philosophical therapy, and related fields. A systematic treatment of the concept of sorrow could theoretically help us to understand the prevalent modern problem of depression. A thorough philosophical investigation of sorrow would certainly bring relevant results to the endeavors of psychiatry, aesthetics, sociology, politics, and especially to ethics.

Methodology and Contribution
For my research project, I will use a historical methodology, i.e., a study of the history of the ideas of suffering, passions, and emotions from the thought of the ancient Greeks to the contributions of contemporary philosophy and science, in order to be able to refer to a broad background of philosophical and scientific discussion in the course of my thesis. However, for the thesis project itself, as mentioned above, I will be focusing primarily on five texts as sources. My methodology will closely follow the treatment of these five authors on sorrow. I will also combine various features of their researches in an attempt to unite common elements as well as to draw out new or unique perspectives which these authors propose.
A serious treatment of the question of sorrow is long overdue and especially timely today. By beginning this inquiry into sorrow from a purely philosophical perspective, I hope to inspire efforts and to provide a direction for further research into this important subject.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Amy Gordon
Books
Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Theologiae (vol. I of III), Benziger Brothers, New York, 1947
Aristotle, Rhetoric, Poetics (Basic Works of Aristotle) Random House, New York, 1941, 1487 p.
Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, Oxford University Press, New York, 1991, 352 p.
Burton, Robert, The Anatomy of Melancholy, NYRB, NewYork, 2001, 547 p.
Descartes, René, Passions of the Soul, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 1989, 165 p.
Dixon, Thomas From Passions to Emotions: The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, 300 p.
Freud, Sigmund, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Bantam Books, New York, 1954, 121 p.
Nussbaum, Martha, The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics, Princeton University Press, Princeton,1994, 576 p.
Nussbaum, Martha, Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2001, 766 p.
Sartre, Jean-Paul, Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions, Routledge Classics, London, 2002, 80 p
Schopenhauer, Arthur(and T. Bailey Saunders) Suffering, Suicide and Immortality: Eight Essays from The Parerga, Dover Publications, 2006, 112 p.
Sihvola, Juha & Troels Engberg-Pedersen (eds), The Emotions in Hellenistic Philosophy, Springer, New York, 2003, 400 p.
Smith, Adam, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Liberty Classics, Indianapolis, 1982, 412 p.
Spinoza, Benedict, Ethics, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 1991, 296 p.
Taylor, Charles, Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1989, 601 p.
Articles
Jollimore, Troy, ``Meaningless Happiness and Meaningful Suffering``, Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 333-347, Fall 2004
Woolfolk, Robert L, ``The Power of Negative Thinking: Truth, Melancholia, and the Tragic Sense of Life``, Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, vol.22, no.1, pp.19-27, Spring 2002
Aquinas, Thomas(0000). Summa Theologiae, q.22-3? Ed.Aristotle “Rhetoric” and “Poetics”Augustine of Hippo “City of God”, “Confessions” “On Free Choice of the Will”Robert Burton “The Anatomy of Melancholy” 1036 pages. Tudor Pub. Co (1955)Antonio Damasio “The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness” Harcourt; 1st edition (September 27, 1999) 400 pagesHarvest Books (October 10, 2000) -, “Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain"Penguin (Non-Classics); Reprint edition (September 27, 2005) 336p. New York: PenguinRene Descartes 1649. “Passions of the Soul” le passion 1989 Indianapolis:Hackett Publishing Company; New Ed edition tr. Stephen H.Voss 165 pagesThomas Dixon “From Passions to Emotions: The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003Julie Ellison “Cato's Tears and the Making of Anglo-American Emotion” 1999 240 p. Chicago: University of Chicago PressWilliam W. Fortenbaugh - “Emotion and Peace of Mind: From Stoic Agitation to Christian Temptation” 2003 512 p. New York: Oxford University PressSigmund Freud 1920 “Beyond the Pleasure Principle” 68 p. 1990 W. W. Norton & Company Galen “On the Passions and Errors of the Soul” Tr. Paul W Harkins, intr Walther Riese 136 p. Columbus: Ohio State University Press 1963Robert Gordon “The Structure of Emotions: Investigations in Cognitive Philosophy” New York: Cambridge University Press (reprint edition)1990 175 p.Gosling “The Greeks on Pleasure” 1982 510 p. New York: Oxford University PressWilliam James “The Principles of Psychology”Soren Kierkegaard - “Gospel of Suffering”Martha Nussbaum - “A therapy of desire”Martha Nussbaum - “Upheavals of Thought”Andrew Ortony “The Cognitive Structure of Emotions”William Reddy “The Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the History of Emotions”Jean-Paul Sartre “Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions”Arthur Schopenhauer (and T. Bailey Saunders) “Suffering, Suicide and Immortality: Eight Essays from The Parerga”Juha Sihvola”The Emotions in Hellenistic Philosophy”Adam Smith - “A theory of moral sentiment”Benedict de Spinoza “Ethica”Charles Taylor - “Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity”
Articles (You’ll need to unify the ways of referencing. Again check Methodology!Descartes's Passions of the Soul- Shapiro, Lisa - Source Philosophy Compass, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 268-278, May 2006G. Brykman."Pleasure and Pain Versus Ideas in Berkeley." Hermathena, 139: 127-137. ” (cut in order to have a page only)Melancholy: An Elusive Dimension of Depression? -Author Khan, Abrahim H -Source Journal of Medical Humanities, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 113-122, Summer 1994Suffering without Subjectivity –: Author Carruthers, Peter SO: Source Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 99-125, November 2004 ” (cut in order to have a page only)Meaningless Happiness and Meaningful Suffering AU: Author Jollimore, Troy SO: Source Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 333-347, Fall 2004Melancholy and the Therapeutic Language of Moral Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century Thought Schmidt, Jeremy: Journal of the History of Ideas VOLUME: 65 ISSUE: 4 STARTPAGE: 583 ENDPAGE: 601 YEAR: 2005Corporealized and Disembodied Minds: A Phenomenological View of the Body in Melancholia and Schizophrenia /Fuchs, Thomas /Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 95-107, June 2005 ” (cut in order to have a page only)Al-Kindi and Nietzsche on the Stoic Art of Banishing Sorrow /Groff, Peter S /Journal of Nietzsche Studies, vol. 28, pp. 139-173, Fall 2004” (cut in order to have a page only)Why, My Soul, Are You Sad?: Augustine's Opinion on Sadness in the City of God and an Interpretation of His Tears in the Confessions /Oppel, Catherine/Augustinian Studies, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 199-236, 2004” (cut in order to have a page only)The Power of Negative Thinking: Truth, Melancholia, and the Tragic Sense of Life /Woolfolk, Robert L/ Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, vol. 22, no. 1,pp. 19-27, Spring 2002” GRIEF./Gustafson, Donald/Nos,Rene Descartes “Passions of the Soul”Benedict de Spinoza “Ethica”Adam Smith - “A theory of moral sentiment”Martha Nussbaum - “A therapy of desire”Martha Nussbaum - “Upheavals of Thought”Charles Taylor - “Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity”William W. Fortenbaugh - “Emotion and Peace of Mind: From Stoic Agitation to Christian Temptation”Jean-Paul Sartre “Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions”Aristotle “Rhetoric” and “Poetics”Galen “On the Passions and Errors of the Soul” (cut in order to have a page only)Arthur Schopenhauer (and T. Bailey Saunders) “Suffering, Suicide and Immortality: Eight Essays from The Parerga”J. Gosling “The Greeks on Pleasure” (cut in order to have a page only)Sigmund Freud “Beyond the Pleasure Principle”Robert Burton “The Anatomy of Melancholy”Augustine of Hippo “City of God”, “Confessions” “On Free Choice of the Will”Soren Kierkegaard - “Gospel of Suffering”Clarence E. Glad “Paul and Philodemus: Adaptability in Epicurean and Early Christian Psychagogy (Supplements to Novum Testamentum)” ” (cut in order to have a page only)Antonio Damasio “The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness” (cut in order to have a page only) , “Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human BrainJuha Sihvola”The Emotions in Hellenistic Philosophy”William James “The Principles of Psychology” ” (cut in order to have a page only)William Reddy “The Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the History of Emotions”Julie Ellison “Cato's Tears and the Making of Anglo-American Emotion” ” (cut in order to have a page only)Andrew Ortony “The Cognitive Structure of Emotions” (cut in order to have a page only)Robert Gordon “The Structure of Emotions: Investigations in Cognitive Philosophy” (cut in order to have a page only)Thomas Dixon “From Passions to Emotions: The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category”Articles (You’ll need to unify the ways of referencing. Again check Methodology!Descartes's Passions of the Soul- Shapiro, Lisa - Source Philosophy Compass, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 268-278, May 2006G. Brykman."Pleasure and Pain Versus Ideas in Berkeley." Hermathena, 139: 127-137. ” (cut in order to have a page only)Melancholy: An Elusive Dimension of Depression? -Author Khan, Abrahim H -Source Journal of Medical Humanities, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 113-122, Summer 1994Suffering without Subjectivity –: Author Carruthers, Peter SO: Source Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 99-125, November 2004 ” (cut in order to have a page only)Meaningless Happiness and Meaningful Suffering AU: Author Jollimore, Troy SO: Source Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 333-347, Fall 2004Melancholy and the Therapeutic Language of Moral Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century Thought Schmidt, Jeremy: Journal of the History of Ideas VOLUME: 65 ISSUE: 4 STARTPAGE: 583 ENDPAGE: 601 YEAR: 2005Corporealized and Disembodied Minds: A Phenomenological View of the Body in Melancholia and Schizophrenia /Fuchs, Thomas /Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 95-107, June 2005 ” (cut in order to have a page only)Al-Kindi and Nietzsche on the Stoic Art of Banishing Sorrow /Groff, Peter S /Journal of Nietzsche Studies, vol. 28, pp. 139-173, Fall 2004” (cut in order to have a page only)Why, My Soul, Are You Sad?: Augustine's Opinion on Sadness in the City of God and an Interpretation of His Tears in the Confessions /Oppel, Catherine/Augustinian Studies, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 199-236, 2004” (cut in order to have a page only)The Power of Negative Thinking: Truth, Melancholia, and the Tragic Sense of Life /Woolfolk, Robert L/ Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, vol. 22, no. 1,pp. 19-27, Spring 2002” GRIEF./Gustafson, Donald/Nos, vol. 23, pp. 457-479, September 1989The 'Stout Heart': Seneca's Strategy for Dispelling Grief AU: Author Olberding, Amy SO: Source Ancient Philosophy, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 141-154, Spring 2005 (cut in order to have a page only)A Pragmatic Consideration of the Relation between Depression and Melancholia AU: Author Brendel, David H SO: Source Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 53-55, March 2003 (cut in order to have a page only)Three Dualist Theories of the Passions AU: Author Hoffman, Paul SO: Source Philosophical Topics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 153-200, Spring 1991 IS: ISSN 0276-2080 DE: Descriptors Dualism; Ethics; Passion; Descartes; Malebranche; SpinozaOw! The Paradox of Pain (cut in order to have a page only)(On- Pain: New Essays on Its Nature and the Methodology of Its Study, Aydede, Murat (ed) AU: Author Hill, Christopher S DE: Descriptors Body; Pain; Paradox; Phenomenon PU: Publication Information Cambridge MA: Bradford Book/MIT Pr, 2005 (cut in order to have a page only)AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE THOMISTIC CONCEPT OF PLEASURE. AU: Author Dubay, Thomas SO: Source New Scholasticism, vol. 36, pp. 76-99, January 1962 vol. 23, pp. 457-479, September 1989The 'Stout Heart': Seneca's Strategy for Dispelling Grief AU: Author Olberding, Amy SO: Source Ancient Philosophy, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 141-154, Spring 2005 (cut in order to have a page only)A Pragmatic Consideration of the Relation between Depression and Melancholia AU: Author Brendel, David H SO: Source Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 53-55, March 2003 (cut in order to have a page only)Three Dualist Theories of the Passions AU: Author Hoffman, Paul SO: Source Philosophical Topics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 153-200, Spring 1991 IS: ISSN 0276-2080 DE: Descriptors Dualism; Ethics; Passion; Descartes; Malebranche; SpinozaOw! The Paradox of Pain (cut in order to have a page only)(On- Pain: New Essays on Its Nature and the Methodology of Its Study, Aydede, Murat (ed) AU: Author Hill, Christopher S DE: Descriptors Body; Pain; Paradox; Phenomenon PU: Publication Information Cambridge MA: Bradford Book/MIT Pr, 2005 (cut in order to have a page only)AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE THOMISTIC CONCEPT OF PLEASURE. AU: Author Dubay, Thomas SO: Source New Scholasticism, vol. 36, pp. 76-99, January 1962.
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The Cultural Origins Western DepressionS Jadhav - International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1996 - isp.sagepub.comPage 1. http://isp.sagepub.com International Journal of Social PsychiatryDOI: 10.1177/002076409604200403 1996; 42; 269 International ... Cited by 17 - Related articles - Get at CISTI - All 3 versions

Is Acedia Melancholy? A Re-examination of this Question in the Light of Fra Battista da …NL BRANN - Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1979 - Oxford Univ PressPage 1. Is Acedia Melancholy? A Re-examination of this Question in the Light ofFra Battista da Crema's ... [180] Page 2. Brann : Is Acedia Melancholy? 181 ... Cited by 1 - Related articles - All 4 versions
Acedia and the Daemonium Meridianum in Nikolaj Gogol's 'Povest'o tom, kak possorilsja Ivan …CR Putney - Russian Literature, 2001 - Elsevier... Acedia and the Daemonium Meridianum in Nikolaj Gogol's ‘Povest' o tom, kak possorilsjaIvan Ivanovič s Ivanom Nikiforovičem’. Christopher R. Putney. ... Cited by 1 - Related articles


A different touch: a study of vows in religious life‎ - Page 274by Judith A. Merkle - Religion - 1998 - 294 pages
Acedia is the deadly sin of apathy. Acedia is often translated as sloth, ... But acedia is more subtle

Resistance to the demands of love: Aquinas on the vice of AcediaRK DEYOUNG - The Thomist, 2004 - cat.inist.frResistance to the demands of love: Aquinas on the vice of Acedia. Rebecca KonyndykDEYOUNG The Thomist 68:22, 173-204, Thomist Press, 2004. Cited by 1 - Related articles - BL Direct
[CITATION] Art.'Acedia'J WEISMAYER - RGG. Bd. 1-, 1998Cited by 1 - Related articles
[CITATION] The Sin of Sloth: Acedia in Medieval Literature and ThoughtS Wenzel - 1960 - Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina PressCited by 1 - Related articles
[CITATION] The Literature of AcediaLW Michaelson - The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary …, 1965Cited by 1 - Related articles
[CITATION] for example, identifies acedia (" spiritual apathy") as a" special vice," and he says:"... we call …T Aquinas - As we have noted already, the proper effect of charity is …Cited by 1 - Related articles
[CITATION] AcediaR Hauser - Historisches Wörterbuch der PhilosophieCited by 1 - Related articles
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Acedia and Related Terms in Medieval Thought with Special Emphasis on Middle English …S Wenzel - 1960 - rave.ohiolink.edu... Title Acedia and Related Terms in Medieval Thought with Special Emphasis on MiddleEnglish Literature Author Wenzel, Siegfried Degree Doctor of Philosophy ... Cited by 1 - Related articles - Cached - All 2 versions
[CITATION] Walter Benjamin and the Right to AcediaF Meltzer - Hot Property: The Stakes and Claims of Literary …Cited by 1 - Related articles
Anger, Dejection and Acedia in the Writings of John CassianC FOLSOM - American(The) Benedictine Review Atchison, Kans., 1984 - cat.inist.frAnger, Dejection and Acedia in the Writings of John Cassian. C FOLSOMAmerican(The) Benedictine Review Atchison, Kans. 35:33, 219-248, 1984. ... Cited by 1 - Related articles



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The seven deadly sins: society and evil‎ - Page 7by Stanford M. Lyman - Humor - 1989 - 355 pages
Acedia is associated not only with the conditions of the spirit and the states of the ... That acedia might be the first of all of the sins is argued in an ...
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Free time: towards a theology of leisure‎ - Page 110by Graham Neville - Religion - 2004 - 162 pages
Cassian included in his list of sins (intia) something very like boredom to which he gave the name 'acedia". As usual when we try to describe states of mind ...
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Mencius and Aquinas: theories of virtue and conceptions of courage‎ - Page 87by Lee H. Yearley - Philosophy - 1990 - 280 pages
Acedia, "spiritual sloth or insensitivity," is a kind of dejection or sadness about the highest goods that combines with a sense of their desirableness. ...
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Evagrius of Pontus: The Greek Ascetic Corpus‎ - Page 26by Robert E. Sinkewicz - Religion - 2006 - 416 pages
If the monk has persevered with some measure of success against the demon of acedia, the next attack is that of presumption and then of vainglory, ...
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The secret wound: love-melancholy and early modern romance‎ - Page 14by Marion A. Wells - Literary Criticism - 2007 - 368 pages
73 The melancholic humor was sometimes thought to be a partial cause of acedia, and the resemblance between melancholic symptoms and the various attributes ...
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Gerard Manley Hopkins‎ - Page 145by Jerome Bump - Literary Criticism - 1982 - 225 pages
In other words, if we look back to some of the melancholy poems of the 1860s, he moved from acedia to "ecstasy." Because the inner way sometimes resulted ...
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The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the ...‎ - Page 2704by David Starr Jordan, Barton Warren Evermann - Juvenile Nonfiction - 1898 - 3313 pages
Acedia, JORDAN ... Acedia ...
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How Should One Live?: Essays on the Virtues‎ - Page 160by Roger Crisp, Oxford University Press - Philosophy - 1998 - 272 pages
II Looking at the history of the concept of acedia or sloth, ... In the course of the Middle Ages, the understanding of acedia as a sin shifted from viewing

The phenomenon of boredomM Martin, G Sadlo, G Stew - Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2006 - informaworld.com... monotony (Kuhn, 1976). The word ‘acedia’ was used at this time, which iscloser to what we would describe as tedium. Plato defended ... Cited by 6 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 4 versions
Frans Hals's Fisherboys: Exemplars of IdlenessS Koslow - Art Bulletin, 1975 - jstor.org... The sin of sloth or acedia, as it was designated by the fourth- century Egyptiandesert monks who first described it, was a particular kind of physical and ... Cited by 4 - Related articles - All 2 versions
[CITATION] Deconstructing depression: A historical study of the metaphorical aspects of an illnessH Shirk - Three keys to the past: The history of technical …, 1999Cited by 2 - Related articles

The Vanishing Mediator: Narrative Structure in Max WeberF Jameson - New german critique, 1973 - jstor.org... modern one at all, and Thomas Aquinas' characterization of what he called acediaas a "kind of sadness, whereby a man becomes sluggish in spiritual exercises ... Cited by 15 - Related articles - All 3 versions


Philosophy and education: an introduction‎ - Page 159by Louis Arnaud Reid - Education - 1962 - 203 pages
'ACEDIA' Josef Pieper describes the kind of boredom through which a ... It has its source in a defect which in the Middle Ages was called the sin of Acedia. ...
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Boredom and the religious imagination‎ - Page 2by Michael L. Raposa - Religion - 1999 - 199 pages
Acedia is traditionally perceived by theologians as a sinful condition, while philosophers like William James have described the spiritual/psychological ...
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The working life: the promise and betrayal of modern work‎ - Page 41by Joanne B. Ciulla - Psychology - 2000 - 266 pages
What we call "sloth" is a loose translation of the Latin acedia. ... Acedia is a temptation first described in the writings of Evagrius, a fourth-century ...
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On evil‎ - Page 359by Thomas, Thomas de Aquino, Jean T. Oesterle, John A. Oesterle - Philosophy - 1995 - 547 pages
Since then acedia is not in the genus of love but rather is a kind of sadness, as Damascene says,6 it seems that acedia is not a sin. 2. ...
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The primacy of love: an introduction to the ethics of Thomas Aquinas‎ - Page 104by Paul J. Wadell - Religion - 1992 - 162 pages
Pieper says "acedia is a kind of sadness — more specifically, ... One who is trapped in acedia has neither the courage nor the will to be as great as he ...
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Saturn and melancholy: studies in the history of natural philosophy ...‎ - Page 248by Raymond Klibansky, Erwin Panofsky, Fritz Saxl - Art - 1979 - 429 pages
Rather he calls it by the medieval name of "acedia", which, however, ... For him, the sin of "acedia" was equivalent to a sickness of the soul, ...
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Whatever became of sin?‎ - Page 146by Karl Augustus Menninger - Religion - 1973 - 242 pages
The Sin of Sloth ("Acedia") One of the good old long-lost Anglo-Saxon words that carried a real punch is "sloth."15 Inactivity and unresponsiveness in those ...
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Encounter with Erikson: historical interpretation and religious biography‎ - Page 389by Erik Homburger Erikson, Donald Capps, Walter H. Capps, Miles Gerald Bradford, American Academy of Religion, University of California, Santa Barbara. Institute of Religious Studies - Biography & Autobiography - 1977 - 429 pages
Acedia is both a failure to find the world and its activities interesting, ... Chaucer in "The Parson's Tale" gives a conventional account of Acedia in the ...
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if (window['_OC_registerHover']){_OC_registerHover({"title":"The person and the common life","authors":"James G. Hart","bib_key":"ISBN:0792317246","pub_date":"1992","snippet":"St. Thomas Aquinas focuses this issue under the topic of the mortal sin and \x3cbr\x3e\r\ncapital vice of \x3cb\x3eacedia\x3c/b\x3e: that sadness by which someone is listlessly melancholic \x3cbr\x3e\r\n\x3cb\x3e...\x3c/b\x3e","subject":"Philosophy ","info_url":"http://books.google.com/books?id=PzKrEBsUMMQC\x26dq=acedia\x26lr=\x26ei=Ynp3Su30FZmSywSsuMzbAg","preview_url":"http://books.google.com/books?id=PzKrEBsUMMQC\x26pg=PA119\x26dq=acedia\x26lr=\x26ei=Ynp3Su30FZmSywSsuMzbAg","thumbnail_url":"http://bks2.books.google.com/books?id=PzKrEBsUMMQC\x26printsec=frontcover\x26img=1\x26zoom=5\x26sig=ACfU3U2Y7WTGlVjVxWnwsCGGdkH425voQw","num_pages":482,"viewability":2,"preview":"partial","embeddable":true})}

The person and the common life: studies in a Husserlian social ethics‎ - Page 119by James G. Hart - Philosophy - 1992 - 482 pages
St. Thomas Aquinas focuses this issue under the topic of the mortal sin and capital vice of acedia: that sadness by which someone is listlessly melancholic ...
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if (window['_OC_registerHover']){_OC_registerHover({"title":"Beyond depression","authors":"Christopher Dowrick","bib_key":"ISBN:0198526326","pub_date":"2004","snippet":"\x3cb\x3eAcedia\x3c/b\x3e (also accidie, accidia) is derived from the Greek term for \x26#39;absence of \x3cbr\x3e\r\n\x3cb\x3e...\x3c/b\x3e The synne of accidie\x26#39; \x3cb\x3eAcedia\x3c/b\x3e was a commonly used term in medieval Europe. \x3cbr\x3e\r\n\x3cb\x3e...\x3c/b\x3e","subject":"Medical ","info_url":"http://books.google.com/books?id=SQ49G5loJrwC\x26dq=acedia\x26lr=\x26ei=Ynp3Su30FZmSywSsuMzbAg","preview_url":"http://books.google.com/books?id=SQ49G5loJrwC\x26pg=PA136\x26dq=acedia\x26lr=\x26ei=Ynp3Su30FZmSywSsuMzbAg","thumbnail_url":"http://bks4.books.google.com/books?id=SQ49G5loJrwC\x26printsec=frontcover\x26img=1\x26zoom=5\x26sig=ACfU3U2ecInUxVD1njY7GLLDTn8y8T5SIQ","num_pages":225,"viewability":2,"preview":"partial","embeddable":true})}

Beyond depression: a new approach to understanding and management‎ - Page 136by Christopher Dowrick - Medical - 2004 - 225 pages
Acedia (also accidie, accidia) is derived from the Greek term for 'absence of ... The synne of accidie' Acedia was a commonly used term in medieval Europe. ...
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Sin Returns to SociologyA MacIntyre - Hastings Center Report, 1979 - jstor.org... So, for example, sloth is initially defined as a medieval English translation ofthe Latin acedia and it is said that "Mentally, acedia has a number of ... Cited by 1 - Related articles - All 2 versions

Aquinas's teaching on acedia: Flight from God as friendPA Murphy - Boston College Dissertations and Theses, 2003 - escholarship.bc.edu... Aquinas's teaching on acedia: Flight from God as friend Patricia Anne Murphy, BostonCollege Date: 2003. » Download the dissertation (PDF format). ... Cached - All 2 versions

The Sin of Sloth: Acedia in Medieval Thought and LiteratureRM Wilson - The Modern Language Review, 1970 - JSTORThe Sin of Sloth: Acedia in Medieval Thought and Literature. RM Wilson. ... 65, No. 1,129. Jan., 1970. The Sin of Sloth: Acedia in Medieval Thought and Literature. ...

Acedia or the depressed between sin and illnessJ Alliez, JP Huber - Annales médico-psychologiques, 1987 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov1: Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1987 May;145(5):393-408. [Acedia or the depressed betweensin and illness]. [Article in French] Alliez J, Huber JP. ... Related articles - All 2 versions

is Harden'd": Marlowe's Dr. Faustus and the Thomistic Concepts of desperatio and acediaLL BRONSON - Aquinas. Rivista de Filosofia Roma, 1982 - cat.inist.fr" My Heart is Harden'd": Marlowe's Dr. Faustus and the Thomistic Conceptsof desperatio and acedia. LL BRONSON Aquinas. Rivista de ...

noonday devil managing clergy burnout

[CITATION] The Misery of Monks and the Laziness of the Laity: Overcoming the Sin of AcediaJJ Tyler - STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN …, 2005 - BRILL

[BOOK] Acedia & me: a marriage, monks, and a writer's lifeK Norris - 2008 - Riverhead Books (Hardcover)
[CITATION] A study of the interrelationship of depression and acedia with a suggestion for pastoral careRE Gamel - 1990 - St. John' s Seminary.

Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth: Early Christian Forerunners to Chronic Ennui.I Irvine - Humanitas, 1999 - questia.com... Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth: Early Christian Forerunners to Chronic Ennui. ... 12, 1999.Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth: Early Christian Forerunners to Chronic Ennui. ... All 2 versions

Acedia & Me belongs on the shelf of every spiritual director—and everyone who has ever …B Newman - muse.jhu.eduPage 1. Page 2. Book Reviews 125 Acedia & Me belongs on the shelf of every spiritualdirector—and everyone who has ever wrestled with the noonday demon. ... All 2 versions



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Melancholy and the critique of modernity: Søren Kierkegaard's religious ...‎ - Page 7by Harvie Ferguson - Philosophy - 1995 - 286 pages
Evagrius vividly portrays the torpor which is likely to oppress the monk: The demon of acedia, also called the 'noonday demon', ...


Vice of Acedia‎by Urban Voll - Monastic and religious life - 1950 - 254 pages
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[CITATION] AcediaY Hersant - Tradition de Ia mélancolie". Le Débat—Histoire- …, 1984Cited by 4 - Related articles
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The seven deadly sins: society and evil‎ - Page 10by Stanford M. Lyman - Humor - 1989 - 355 pages
Acedia threatens whenever man is conceived as participating in a great chain of being, ... a linear and secular history, or a waiting for the end.